

After two successive weekly falls, the U.S. Dollar Index recovered to close the week at around 102.00, short of its weekly high near 102.50. An intraday peak of 1.1214 gave way to a retreat in EUR/USD on Friday, leaving the pair trading around 1.1140.
“At least two more quarter-point rate hikes” were necessary, Dallas Federal Reserve President Lorie Logan said on Friday. She argued that moving gradually reduced the risk of a sharp weakening in the economy, adding that forgoing an increase “doesn’t change policy destination,”.
Although he supported a gradual approach, St. Louis Fed President Alberto Musalem said separately that rates needed to go up “again soon,”.
For Richmond Fed President Thomas Barkin, the pace was the question, with the policy direction “straightforward”, he told SiriusXM Business Briefing. Calling gradual adjustments “a good way to go”, he added that businesses were reporting cost pressures across a wider range of areas.
A six-week low near $77,000 was reached by Bitcoin on Friday as selling spread across the cryptocurrency market. Binance had reported a $6.3 billion hack before the decline.
Board member Takata’s preference for a rise to 1.5% was the sole dissent in an 8–1 Bank of Japan vote to hold the short-term policy rate at 1.25%. Further policy adjustments would be made as needed, Governor Kazuo Ueda said.
Underlying inflation was broadly in line with the BoJ’s 2% target, the bank said, despite still-accommodative financial conditions and low short-term real interest rates. Alongside an upward revision to fiscal 2027 core CPI inflation from 2.4% to 2.6%, it maintained its fiscal 2028 forecast at 2.0%. The GDP growth forecasts for fiscal 2026 and fiscal 2027 were both revised to 0.7%.
An overshoot had displaced below-target inflation as the greater risk, policymakers said. The Middle East conflict, increased AI-related demand and volatility in foreign exchange required close scrutiny, according to the bank. Lenders remained prepared to supply credit as companies’ funding needs grew.
The BoJ would not simply wait for inflation to rise but would respond proactively if required, Ueda said. He nevertheless warned that inflation needed to remain sustainably around 2%. Policy changes would follow no predetermined timetable: their timing and pace would depend on data, wages, financial conditions and the economic outlook.
Most major currencies were outpaced by the yen in the wake of the decision. A recovery in the US dollar subsequently allowed USD/JPY to regain some lost ground, although the pair remained slightly lower going into the weekend.
For the first time since October last year, gold slipped below $3,900 on Friday, reaching a year-to-date low of $3,880. Small rises in the US dollar and Treasury yields coincided with the fall, alongside reduced risk appetite and Fed officials’ calls for additional rate increases.
October saw the European Central Bank maintain its key interest rates. UOB economist Lee Sue Ann cited Lagarde’s reaffirmation that decisions would be taken meeting by meeting. Lagarde nevertheless said “the direction of travel is quite clear.” unless incoming information materially changed the current assessment.
Average 10-year sovereign yields stood around 35 basis points above the assumptions underlying the ECB’s September projections, Lagarde said. She also highlighted a decline in equity prices and a rise in borrowing costs for households and businesses.