Fed’s Barkin hints at cautious rate path with inflation seen as main risk

Risks to the Federal Reserve’s dual mandate “lie on the inflation side”, Richmond Federal Reserve (Fed) President Thomas Barkin said on Monday. Although he described the direction of monetary policy as “straightforward”, he said policymakers should proceed “with care.”

Demand and widespread cost increases are putting pressure on inflation, Barkin said in prepared remarks for the Greater Greer Chamber of Commerce in South Carolina. Describing the US economy as “remarkably stable”, he added that businesses say they are “trying to pass on higher costs.”

TMGM Analysis: Financial Market News, Economic Calendar & Market Insights

Barkin highlights inflation risks and calls for policy caution:

Inflation is the source of risk to the US central bank’s mandate.

Monetary policy’s direction is ‘straightforward’, but proceeding ‘with care’ is the best approach.

The US economy remains ‘remarkably stable’.

Prices face upward pressure from resilient demand and widespread cost increases.

Passing on higher costs will be the aim, firms say.

With ‘remarkable’ earnings, businesses are doing well.

Healthy loan pipelines are being reported by bankers, with demand reaching well beyond artificial intelligence.

There is still little sign of significant layoffs.

Reports I am hearing point to widespread cost pressures.

Despite ‘bleak’ sentiment, consumers are still spending, underpinned by a resilient labour market.

US Dollar Performs Best Against Swiss Franc Today

The US Dollar (USD) recorded its strongest performance against the Swiss Franc today. The table below sets out its percentage changes against the major currencies shown.

USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF
USD -0.54% -0.52% -0.30% 0.06% -0.71% -1.34% 0.12%
EUR 0.54% 0.02% 0.27% 0.60% -0.17% -0.80% 0.66%
GBP 0.52% -0.02% 0.25% 0.57% -0.20% -0.83% 0.64%
JPY 0.30% -0.27% -0.25% 0.35% -0.42% -1.05% 0.42%
CAD -0.06% -0.60% -0.57% -0.35% -0.77% -1.39% 0.07%
AUD 0.71% 0.17% 0.20% 0.42% 0.77% -0.63% 0.84%
NZD 1.34% 0.80% 0.83% 1.05% 1.39% 0.63% 1.48%
CHF -0.12% -0.66% -0.64% -0.42% -0.07% -0.84% -1.48%

Percentage movements between the major currencies are displayed in the heat map. Select the base currency in the left-hand column and the quote currency in the top row. Selecting the US Dollar on the left and following that row across to the Japanese Yen, for instance, gives the percentage change for USD (base)/JPY (quote) in the corresponding cell.

The Fed Explained

The Federal Reserve (Fed) sets US monetary policy with two objectives: stable prices and full employment. Adjustments to interest rates are its main means of pursuing these goals. If prices climb too rapidly and inflation exceeds its 2% target, the Fed increases interest rates. Borrowing then becomes more expensive across the economy. Higher rates make the US more attractive to international investors seeking somewhere to place their money, strengthening the US Dollar (USD). Conversely, inflation below 2% or an excessively high unemployment rate may prompt the Fed to cut interest rates. This encourages borrowing but puts pressure on the US Dollar.

At eight policy meetings each year, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) reviews economic conditions and decides monetary policy for the Federal Reserve (Fed). Twelve Fed officials attend the FOMC: all seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and four presidents drawn from the other eleven regional Reserve Banks. Those four serve rotating one-year terms.

When conditions are extreme, the Federal Reserve may turn to Quantitative Easing (QE) to increase credit flows substantially through a stalled financial system. This unconventional policy is deployed during crises or periods of exceptionally low inflation. During the Great Financial Crisis in 2008, it was the Fed’s preferred tool. Under QE, the Fed prints additional Dollars to purchase high-grade bonds from financial institutions, a process that usually weakens the US Dollar.

By reversing QE, quantitative tightening (QT) usually supports the US Dollar’s value. Under QT, the Federal Reserve ceases bond purchases from financial institutions and, as bonds in its portfolio mature, does not reinvest the principal in new bonds.